KOMUNITNĚ VEDENÝ MÍSTNÍ ROZVOJ JAKO NÁSTROJ ÚZEMNÍHO ROZVOJE V PROGRAMOVÉM OBDOBÍ 2014–2020 INTERPRETACE OBCHODNÍCH CENTER JAKO SOUČÁST URBÁNNÍ STRUKTURYInterpretation of shopping malls as parts of urban structures, by Anna Beata Háblová
My research is focused on the impact of shopping centres on an urban environment. Its aim is to interpret the relation between shopping malls and the city and define principles that may contribute to the building or re-building of shopping centres so as not to lower the quality of the urban environment. The main hypothesis of the research is the statement that shopping malls are introvert buildings which, although located in urban settings, do not behave in an urban-like manner. I justify and/or reject this hypothesis with examples from Czech and foreign shopping malls I have visited. Besides measurement methods, I use comparison and correlation; apart from comparison of partners and surroundings of shopping malls I observe urban-healing symptoms such as the existence of an inner street as a pedestrian shortcut, multifunctionality of buildings, design of parking sites and their entries, accessibility for non-users of cars, and investments in immediate surroundings. Another part of this analytic research is a proposal of principles in the form of best practice (Etalon) that should contribute to the finding of more valuable solutions.
MNICHOVSKÝ MODEL: NASTAVENÍ FINANČNÍ PARTICIPACE INVESTORŮ NA ZÁKLADĚ ZASTAVITELNOSTI ÚZEMÍThe Munich model: Adjustment of financial participation of developers as based on the developability of a territory, by Lucie Doleželová & Eliška Vejchodská
Planning contracts are increasingly important in relation to efforts of municipalities that require the financial participation of developers in the construction of public infrastructure as well as in relation to their need for a unified and predictable mechanism for the calculation of this share. Although various forms of contract tools are applied abroad, their use in the Czech Republic is relatively scarce. These tools are based on the status of the given city: the granting of the right to build is a privilege exercised by public administration, to which the owner has no legal claim. On the other hand, in the European context, the use of part of the profit from plots of land transformed in developable areas, such as by investments in public infrastructure, is considered a rightful claim to be exercised by the public administration in respect of developers. This article presents the Munich model, which is based on a specific form of planning contract. Within this model, applicants for planning authorization undertake to sign a planning contract with the municipality, conceding a proportion of the revaluation of the property to them. This proportion is at least 30% of the value by which the price of the plots has increased over the price before the approval of planning authorization or the regulatory plan. The remainder of this value is used for technical infrastructure, public facilities (e.g. kindergartens, primary schools), construction of a 30% share of funded housing, and financial cover for the handover of a proportion of the plots for public use. The policy of rules for the predictable financial participation of developers has been inspirational in numerous other municipalities in Germany and abroad.
DÁLNICE D3 JAKO PŘÍLEŽITOST ROZVOJE VE STŘEDOČESKÉM KRAJIThe D3 motorway as a development opportunity in the Region of Central Bohemia, by Miroslav Vrtiška
The presence of high-capacity transportation infrastructure is often regarded by specialist literature as a factor in territorial development. Based on the author’s analysis, this article is focused on the formulation of development scenarios in motorway corridors on the model of the D3 motorway in Central Bohemia. The main factors observed are the improved accessibility of Prague as the country’s socioeconomic hub and increased attractiveness of the territory for residential and industrial activities. The state of the documents on spatial planning of pertinent municipalities is evaluated. The presence of the motorway seems to be an important factor in development, as it improves the accessibility of nearby settlements and enhances their attractiveness for development activities. In particular, there is a positive impact on the inner periphery, in which complicated access and problematic socioeconomic structure of settlements have caused regressive development. As to prospects for spatial planning, it can be concluded that municipalities have created proper conditions for the construction of the D3 motorway and are ready to meet requirements generated by the presence of a high-capacity road.
25 LET VÝVOJE LETECKÉ DOPRAVY VE STŘEDNÍ EVROPĚTwenty-five years of air transportation development in Central Europe, by Milan Körner
This article deals with some significant recent changes in the segment of air transportation in Central Europe. In 1992, a new Munich airport was opened north-east of Freising, one of Bavaria’s oldest towns. The airports in Prague (Ruzyně) and Warsaw (Okęcie) have exceeded the capacity of 15 million travellers a year. The new Berlin-Brandenburg (Schönefeld) airport, which should have been opened in 2011, has still not been completed. The last 25 years have witnessed important developments in relation to high-speed rail transportation and the stagnation or reduction of the operation of some airports. The longest high-speed route so far, Hannover – Würzburg (327 km), was finished in 1991. Besides Prague, the article is focused on Munich, Berlin and Vienna and, apart from their capacities, addresses their connections to other transportation systems and impact on the development of settlements.
CO PLÁNOVAT A CO NEPLÁNOVAT – TO JE, OČ TU BĚŽÍWhat to plan and what not to plan, that is the question, by Vladimír Matuš
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made, and without him not one thing was made that has been made. (Gospel of John)
The big bang hypothesis is a universally adopted cosmological model of the origin of the universe and its evolution. This hypothesis says that 13.8 billion years ago a small sphere called singularity, of unimaginable density and temperature, exploded and expanded in today’s size of the universe. All the laws of physics were created in the first few billionths of its existence. Since that moment, any further development of the world has only been possible under these laws (Carl Sagan, astronomer).
Let us leave the discussion over the similarities and differences between these hypotheses to more qualified specialists. Nevertheless, both hypotheses are necessary for our understanding of the processes of evolution that have enabled human society to achieve the heights of civilizational development including urban planning and construction. According to linguists, the Greek word logos has a variety of meanings, also translatable as thought, idea or plan. In this interpretation, the Evangelist says that the world was created by the highest authority (God) out of nothing and has been developing in controlled evolution according to a stipulated plan. Our reflection starts with the focus on two key concepts: highest authority and evolution.
EVROPŠTÍ MINISTŘI KULTURY NA KONFERENCI V DAVOSU PŘIJALI POLITIKU VYSOCE KVALITNÍ STAVEBNÍ KULTURY
